Top 10 Cities of Kazakhstan to Visit
Kazakhstan, the largest landlocked country in the world, is a land of diverse landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture.
From the modern metropolis of Nur-Sultan to the ancient Silk Road city of Almaty, Kazakhstan offers a wide range of attractions for travelers to explore.
1. Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana)
Brief History: Originally a small fortress town founded in the 19th century, Nur-Sultan has transformed into the futuristic capital city of Kazakhstan. In 1997, the capital was moved from Almaty to Astana, which was later renamed Nur-Sultan in honor of the country's first president, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Today, Nur-Sultan is known for its modern architecture, including the Bayterek Tower, Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, and Astana Opera House.
Best Places to Visit:
- Bayterek Tower: Enjoy panoramic views of the city from the observation deck of this iconic tower.
- Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center: Shop, dine, and relax under the world's largest tent-like structure.
- Nur-Astana Mosque: Admire the stunning architecture of one of the largest mosques in Central Asia.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Nur-Sultan is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is warm and outdoor activities are plentiful.
2. Almaty
Brief History: Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan, has a long history dating back to ancient times. Originally known as Almatu, meaning "apple," the city was an important trading hub along the Silk Road. Today, Almaty is a vibrant cultural and economic center, known for its leafy boulevards, Soviet-era architecture, and surrounding mountain landscapes.
Best Places to Visit:
- Medeu Skating Rink: Experience the world's highest-altitude skating rink in the picturesque Medeu Valley.
- Kok-Tobe Hill: Take a cable car ride to the top of Kok-Tobe Hill for panoramic views of the city and enjoy entertainment and dining options.
- Central State Museum: Explore the history and culture of Kazakhstan through exhibits showcasing artifacts and artworks.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Almaty is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is mild and ideal for outdoor activities.
3. Shymkent
Brief History: Shymkent, located in the south of Kazakhstan, has a history dating back over 2,000 years. Originally a stop along the Silk Road, Shymkent grew into a major trading center and cultural hub. Today, it is known for its bustling markets, historic sites, and vibrant arts scene.
Best Places to Visit:
- Abay Park: Relax in this scenic park, named after the famous Kazakh poet Abay Qunanbayuli, and enjoy walking trails, fountains, and sculptures.
- Independence Monument: Admire the impressive monument commemorating Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union.
- Shymkent Bazaar: Experience the sights, sounds, and flavors of Kazakhstan at this lively market, selling everything from fresh produce to traditional crafts.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Shymkent is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is pleasant and outdoor markets and festivals are in full swing.
4. Karaganda
Brief History: Karaganda, located in central Kazakhstan, has a history closely tied to the country's industrial development. Founded in the 19th century as a coal mining settlement, Karaganda grew rapidly during the Soviet era, becoming one of the largest cities in Kazakhstan. Today, it is known for its mining heritage, cultural landmarks, and surrounding natural attractions.
Best Places to Visit:
- Karaganda Ecological Museum: Learn about the region's natural environment and conservation efforts at this interactive museum.
- Karaganda Regional Museum of History: Explore exhibits detailing the history and culture of Karaganda and the surrounding area.
- Dolinka Lake: Relax by the shores of this scenic lake, located just outside the city, and enjoy picnicking, fishing, and birdwatching.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Karaganda is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is warm and outdoor activities are enjoyable.
5. Aktobe
Brief History: Aktobe, located in western Kazakhstan, has a history dating back to ancient times as a settlement along the Silk Road. In the 19th century, Aktobe became a center for trade and agriculture, attracting settlers from across the region. Today, it is known for its diverse population, cultural landmarks, and surrounding natural beauty.
Best Places to Visit:
- Makhambet Square: Explore this central square named after the Kazakh poet and folk hero Makhambet Otemisuly, and admire the statue dedicated to his memory.
- Aktobe Regional History Museum: Learn about the history and culture of Aktobe and the surrounding region through exhibits showcasing artifacts and artworks.
- Aktobe Central Park: Relax in this scenic park, featuring walking paths, playgrounds, and green spaces, ideal for picnicking and outdoor recreation.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Aktobe is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and outdoor activities are enjoyable.
6. Pavlodar
Brief History: Pavlodar, located in northeastern Kazakhstan, has a history closely tied to its strategic location along the Irtysh River. Originally a Cossack settlement founded in the 18th century, Pavlodar grew into an important industrial center during the Soviet era. Today, it is known for its cultural landmarks, riverside parks, and surrounding natural landscapes.
Best Places to Visit:
- Irtysh River Embankment: Take a stroll along the picturesque embankment of the Irtysh River, lined with parks, promenades, and outdoor cafes.
- Mashkhur-Jusup Mosque: Visit this beautiful mosque, named after the Kazakh poet and philosopher Mashkhur-Jusup Kopeyuly, and admire its stunning architecture.
- Pavlodar Regional Museum of Local Lore: Explore exhibits detailing the history, culture, and natural environment of Pavlodar and the surrounding region.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Pavlodar is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is warm and outdoor activities are plentiful.
7. Taraz
Brief History: Taraz, one of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan, has a history dating back over 2,000 years. Founded as a Silk Road settlement, Taraz grew into a major trading center and cultural hub, known for its bustling bazaars and historic landmarks. Today, it is a blend of ancient and modern influences, with a rich cultural heritage and vibrant arts scene.
Best Places to Visit:
- Aisha Bibi Mausoleum: Visit this ancient mausoleum dating back to the 12th century, dedicated to the legendary beauty Aisha Bibi, and admire its intricate architecture.
- Tekturmas Historical and Cultural Reserve: Explore the ruins of ancient Taraz at this archaeological
- Tekturmas Historical and Cultural Reserve: Explore the ruins of ancient Taraz at this archaeological site, featuring remnants of fortresses, temples, and city walls.
- Central Park: Relax in the heart of Taraz at Central Park, where you can enjoy leisurely walks, picnics, and cultural events amidst lush greenery and colorful flower beds.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Taraz is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and ideal for exploring outdoor attractions.
8. Atyrau
Brief History: Atyrau, located on the banks of the Ural River in western Kazakhstan, has a history closely tied to its strategic importance as a gateway to the Caspian Sea. Originally a small fishing and trading settlement, Atyrau grew into a major oil and gas hub during the Soviet era. Today, it is known for its modern skyline, cultural landmarks, and bustling port.
Best Places to Visit:
- Atyrau City Mosque: Admire the elegant architecture of this modern mosque, with its distinctive domes and minarets, and explore the surrounding landscaped gardens.
- Ural River Embankment: Take a stroll along the scenic promenade of the Ural River, lined with parks, cafes, and outdoor sculptures, and enjoy views of the Caspian Sea.
- Atyrau Museum of Local History: Learn about the history, culture, and industry of Atyrau and the surrounding region through exhibits showcasing artifacts and photographs.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Atyrau is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and outdoor activities are enjoyable.
9. Petropavl
Brief History: Petropavl, located in northern Kazakhstan, has a history dating back to the 18th century when it was founded as a Russian military outpost. Over the years, Petropavl grew into a bustling trading center and cultural hub, attracting settlers from across the region. Today, it is known for its diverse population, historic landmarks, and vibrant arts scene.
Best Places to Visit:
- Petropavl Drama Theater: Enjoy performances of theater, dance, and music at this cultural institution, housed in a historic building dating back to the 19th century.
- Petropavl Regional History Museum: Explore exhibits detailing the history, culture, and natural environment of Petropavl and the surrounding area, including artifacts and artworks.
- Victory Park: Relax in this scenic park, featuring walking paths, playgrounds, and green spaces, ideal for picnicking and outdoor recreation.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Petropavl is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is warm and outdoor activities are enjoyable.
10. Semey
Brief History: Semey, located in eastern Kazakhstan, has a history dating back to the 18th century when it was founded as a Cossack fortress. Over the years, Semey grew into a major trading center and cultural hub, known for its diverse population and vibrant arts scene. Today, it is a blend of ancient and modern influences, with a rich cultural heritage and scenic surroundings.
Best Places to Visit:
- Semey Central Mosque: Visit this beautiful mosque, featuring traditional Islamic architecture and decorative elements, and explore the landscaped gardens surrounding the complex.
- Abay Park: Relax in this scenic park, named after the famous Kazakh poet Abay Qunanbayuli, and enjoy walking trails, fountains, and sculptures.
- Semey State Historical and Cultural Museum: Learn about the history and culture of Semey and the surrounding region through exhibits showcasing artifacts and artworks.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Semey is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and ideal for outdoor activities and sightseeing.
These cities offer a diverse range of attractions and experiences, from historic landmarks and cultural institutions to scenic parks and outdoor recreation opportunities. Whether you're interested in exploring ancient history, modern architecture, or natural landscapes, Kazakhstan's cities have something to offer every traveler.
